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FSD Fluor™ Phalloidin Series
Phalloidin is a rigid bicyclic peptide toxin isolated from Amanita phalloides mushroom that commonly used in imaging applications to selective label F-actin. Phalloidin is known to react stoichiometrically with actin, strongly promote actin polymerization, and stabilize actin polymers. Due to the ability to bind F-actin selectively, fluorescence conjugated phalloidin derivatives are widely used in microscopy for investigating the distribution of F-actin in cells. In biomedical research, fluorescent phalloidin probes are utilized in localizing actin filaments in living or fixed cells as well as for visualizing individual actin filaments in vitro. Fluorescent phalloidins much smaller than fluorescent antibodies, thus they have several advantages for actin labeling such as virtually identical binding properties with actin from different species of plants and animals, much denser labeling of filamentous actin, more detailed images, and lower nonspecific binding. Fluorescent phalloidin conjugates are not permeable to most live cells, thus they should be used to detect cells with compromised membranes. However, fluorescent labeled phalloidins may penetrate the membranes of certain hypoxic cells. BioActs offers FSD Fluor™ Phalloidin series for the labeling and quantitative analysis of F-actin in formaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized tissue sections, cell cultures, and cell-free experiments.
CytoFlamma® Cell Membrane
Lipophilic organic dyes bear some structural resemblance to natural lipids and can be incorporated into cell wall and liposome. BioActs developed CytoFlamma® cell membrane series as versatile membrane selective fluorescent probes. The probes consist of Flamma dye attached with hydrophobic lipid analogs. They can be used in studies for biophysical analysis of membranes, for tracing lipid transport and metabolism in live cells, and for lipid-mediated signal transduction processes. Flamma® dyes display strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability, and they maintain good fluorescence activity and stability after conjugation to biomolecules. Due to low toxicity and stable retention, CytoFlamma® cell membrane probes might be useful for long-term cell tracing and can be used as membrane markers of endocytosis and exocytosis. The probes are stable under photooxidation effects induced by ultraviolet excitation and are resistant to spontaneous oxidation. We offer CytoFlamma® cell membrane series as selective fluorescent probes for analyzing cell structure by incorporating into plasma membrane.
MitoFlamma® Green
MitoFlamma® Green is a mitochondria-selective green fluorescent dye that allows to detect mitochondrial morphology in living cells. This unique dye appears to preferentially accumulate in mitochondria regardless of mitochondrial membrane potential in certain cell types, making it a possible tool for determining mitochondrial mass. MitoFlamma® Green enables researchers to observe mitochondrial activity, localization and abundance as well as monitoring the effect of drugs or other external stimuli on the mitochondrial function. The maxima of excitation/emission are at 508/580 nm. Once mitochondria are labeled with this special dye, the cells can be treated with an aldehyde fixative for samples that require fixation for further processing. MitoFlamma® Green probes are retained in the mitochondria during the fixation step and after permeabilization with some detergents during subsequent processing steps. After fixation, labeled samples can be applied in a variety of experiments such as immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, microplate-based analysis, etc.
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