Wash and Immunoassay Buffers

Product#: WashandImmunoassayBuffers

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Wash buffers

General isotonic wash buffers are detergent?free saline solutions (PBS, TBS, HBS, saline) used for routine washing, dilution, and handling of animal cells and tissues while preserving morphology and osmotic balance. They provide a mild, physiologically compatible environment and often serve as the base for more specialized assay buffers.

Name	Type / role	Typical use in animal work	Link to Order
TBS, 1X (Tris Buffered Saline), Non-Sterile	Isotonic Tris-based buffered saline for general washing.	Routine wash and dilution buffer for animal cells, tissues, and protein samples; commonly used in many immunoassay workflows.
TBS, 10X (Tris Buffered Saline), Non-Sterile	Concentrated Tris-buffered saline stock.	Diluted to 1X for use as a general wash buffer in cell/tissue handling and protein or antibody assays.
HBS, 1X (HEPES-Buffered Saline), 20 mM HEPES, Sterile	HEPES-buffered isotonic saline for CO_2-independent pH control.	Washing and handling animal cells and tissues outside CO₂ incubators where stable pH is required (e.g., imaging, bench work).
PBS, 1X (Phosphate Buffered Saline), Sterile	Standard isotonic phosphate-buffered saline.	General washing, dilution, and transport of mammalian cells and tissues; widely used as a base buffer in animal experiments.
Normal Saline (Sodium Chloride), 0.9% (w/v), Sterile	Isotonic NaCl solution without buffering capacity.	Simple physiological saline for rinsing tissues, flushing, or short-term handling when pH buffering is not critical.
Dulbecco's PBS without Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (D-PBS), Sterile	Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-free PBS variant.	Washing and resuspension of animal cells when divalent cations promote clumping or interfere with dissociation/enzymatic steps.

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Immunostaining and Western blot buffers

Immunostaining and Western blot buffers are PBS/TBS-based solutions formulated with detergent and/or protein to support antibody binding steps, reduce non-specific interactions, and quench residual fixative in animal tissues and protein blots. Detergent (Tween-20) improves wash efficiency, while BSA and glycine are used for blocking and aldehyde quenching to lower background.

Name	Type / role	Typical use in animal work	Link to Order
Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS) with (0.05%) Tween-20 Buffer [1X]	TBS with non-ionic detergent (Tween-20); mild immunoassay wash buffer.	Wash buffer for immunostaining and Western blot to remove unbound antibodies and reduce non-specific background on animal tissues/blots.
TBST (Tris-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween 20) [1X]	Higher-detergent TBS/Tween formulation for stringent washing.	Preferred wash buffer for Western blot and some IHC protocols to minimize background while preserving specific antibody binding.
PBS with (1%) Tween 20 Buffer [1X]	PBS with non-ionic detergent (PBST).	Detergent-containing wash buffer for ELISA, IHC/IF, and Western blot on animal-derived samples to reduce non-specific binding.
PBST Blocking Buffer with Bovine Serum Albumin (3%)	PBST plus BSA for combined blocking and washing.	Blocking and washing in immunostaining or Western blot of animal tissues/cells to prevent non-specific antibody binding.
TBS Blocking Buffer with Bovine Serum Albumin (3%)	Tris-based BSA-containing blocking buffer (with or without Tween, per product).	Blocking and washing in TBS-based IHC/IF or Western blot protocols on animal samples, particularly when phosphate is not desired.
0.1 M Glycine Quenching Buffer with PBS	Glycine in PBS for aldehyde quenching.	Quenching residual aldehyde groups (e.g., PFA) in fixed animal tissues or cells prior to immunostaining to reduce background.
0.1 M Glycine Quenching Buffer with TBS	Glycine in TBS for aldehyde quenching in Tris-based systems.	Same application as PBS/glycine but used in TBS-based IHC/IF workflows on fixed animal tissues.

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Fixative solution

4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS is a ready-to-use aldehyde fixative that crosslinks proteins to preserve cell and tissue structure for histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and imaging. It is typically applied before washing and blocking steps in animal tissue and cell workflows.

Name	Type / role	Typical use in animal work	Link to Order
PBS Solution with 4% Paraformaldehyde (PFA)	Ready-to-use aldehyde fixative (4% PFA in PBS).	Fixation of animal cells and tissues prior to immunostaining, immunofluorescence, histology, or imaging to preserve morphology and antigenicity.