Custom Anti-Calcitonin, Mouse-Mono(ST08), HRP-conjugated, 1 mg

• Type: Primary
• Application: ELISA, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Radioimmunoassay 
• Species: Human
• Recombinant: Yes
• Long Term Storage: -20°C or below
• Shipping Condition: Dry ice

• Paget's Disease: Calcitonin has been used in the treatment of Paget's disease, a condition that disrupts the normal process of bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and weakened bones.
• Hypercalcemia: Calcitonin is effective in managing hypercalcemia, which can occur in conditions like malignancy and hyperparathyroidism, where there is an excess of calcium in the blood.
• Thyroid Carcinoma: The calcitonin receptor is expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma, and calcitonin levels can be a marker for this type of cancer.
• Bone Metastases: Calcitonin may help in managing bone pain associated with bone metastases from cancers, as it has a role in bone metabolism and calcium regulation.
• Osteoporosis: Calcitonin has been studied for its potential benefits in treating osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women, as it can help to reduce bone loss.
• Migraine: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), related to calcitonin, is implicated in migraine pathophysiology, and therapies targeting CGRP are used for migraine treatment.

• cAMP Pathway
  • Calcitonin binding to its receptor activates adenylate cyclase via Gs proteins, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates various target proteins, influencing cellular responses such as:
    • Inhibition of osteoclast activity: This reduces bone resorption and lowers blood calcium levels.
    • Regulation of renal tubular reabsorption: Calcitonin promotes calcium excretion in the kidneys
• Phospholipase C Pathway
  • In some tissues, calcitonin can activate phospholipase C (PLC) via Gq proteins. This results in the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), leading to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Increased intracellular calcium can further influence various cellular processes.
• Activation of protein kinase C (PKC)
  • PKC activation plays a role in various signaling cascades, including cell proliferation and differentiation.
• MAPK Pathway
  • Calcitonin can also activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is involved in cell growth and differentiation. This pathway can be activated through various mechanisms, including the cAMP pathway and direct receptor signaling.

• Thyrocalcitonin
• CALC1
• CALCA
• CT

• Kee, Zizheng, et al. “The Role of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Neurogenic Vasodilation and Its Cardioprotective Effects.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 17 Aug. 2018, www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.01249/full. 
• Hou, Y., Lin, B., Xu, T. et al. The neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in medullary thyroid cancer. Nat Commun 15, 5555 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49824-7
• Kiriakopoulos, Andreas et al. “Calcitonin: current concepts and differential diagnosis.” Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism vol. 13 20420188221099344. 21 May. 2022, doi:10.1177/20420188221099344
• “Calcitonin (Thyrocalcitonin).” Labcorp, www.labcorp.com/tests/004895/calcitonin-thyrocalcitonin. 
• McLaughlin MB, Awosika AO, Jialal I. Calcitonin. [Updated 2023 Aug 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537269/"